Learning about Expectation Violation from Prediction Error Paradigms – A Meta-Analysis on Brain Processes Following a Prediction Error

Learning about Expectation Violation from Prediction Error Paradigms – A Meta-Analysis on Brain Processes Following a Prediction Error

Modifying patients' expectations by exposing them to expectation violation situations (thus maximizing the difference between the expected and the actual situational outcome) is proposed to be a crucial mechanism for therapeutic success for a variety of different mental disorders. However, clinical observations suggest that patients often maintain their expectations regardless of experiences co...

Interactions of timing and prediction error learning.

Timing and prediction error learning have historically been treated as independent processes, but growing evidence has indicated that they are not orthogonal. Timing emerges at the earliest time point when conditioned responses are observed, and temporal variables modulate prediction error learning in both simple conditioning and cue competition paradigms. In addition, prediction errors, throug...

Is human learning driven by Prediction Error?

Prediction Error [PE] is a core component of some of the most influential theories of how animals use experiences to update their knowledge (e.g, Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). The classic demonstration of PE is the single-cell recording done by Schultz and colleagues (1997). However, there is no evidence that this signal plays any role in learning. Only two studies have related a neural correlate o...

Dopamine, prediction error and associative learning: a model-based account.

The notion of prediction error has established itself at the heart of formal models of animal learning and current hypotheses of dopamine function. Several interpretations of prediction error have been offered, including the model-free reinforcement learning method known as temporal difference learning (TD), and the important Rescorla-Wagner (RW) learning rule. Here, we present a model-based ad...

Decomposition of Prediction Error